Bidvantic auction glossary

The language of digital auctions, clearly defined.

An A–Z reference for auction models, bidding rules, procurement, marketplaces, technology, AI, governance, analytics, and industry operations.

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Move from definition to practical application.

Terms are grouped alphabetically and connected to relevant platform, solution, feature, industry, and decision-support pages.

A
Platform and data

API

An application programming interface that allows the auction platform to exchange data and trigger controlled actions with ERP, CRM, procurement, payments, identity, and other systems.

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AI and analytics

Auction Analytics

Auction analytics are reports, metrics and intelligence signals that help teams evaluate bidder behavior, supplier participation, conversion, savings, revenue, reserve performance, liquidity and operational health.

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Platform and data

Auction Management

Auction management is the operational discipline of planning, configuring, publishing, monitoring, closing, approving and reporting on auction events across users, rules, lots, bids, messages and post-event workflows.

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Marketplace operations

Auction Marketplace

An auction marketplace is a digital destination where multiple buyers and sellers participate in auction-led transactions, supported by listings, discovery, bidding, trust controls, payments, commissions and marketplace analytics.

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Platform and data

Auction Software

Auction software is a digital platform used to configure, publish, run, monitor and report on auction workflows, including bidder access, auction rules, lots, documents, bids, approvals, payments and post-event reporting.

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Security and governance

Audit trail

A time-stamped record of bids, approvals, changes, user actions, exceptions, and administrative interventions used for traceability and review.

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B
Bidding and pricing

Bid

A binding or indicative commercial submission made by an eligible participant under the rules of an auction, tender, or marketplace event.

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Bidding and pricing

Bid Increment

A bid increment is the minimum amount by which a new bid must exceed the current leading bid or configured price point, helping control bid progression and auction pace.

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C
Auction models

Clock auction

An auction in which the platform moves price or another commercial variable through defined steps and participants signal whether they remain active.

Review auction format FAQs
D
Auction models

Dutch Auction

A Dutch auction is a descending-price auction where the price starts high and moves downward until a participant accepts the current price or the configured closing rule is reached.

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E
Auction models

English Auction

An English auction is an ascending-price auction where bidders place progressively higher bids until bidding closes and the highest valid bidder wins, subject to reserve, approval and event rules.

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F
Bidding and pricing

Floor price

A minimum acceptable price below which an offer, allocation, or transaction will not proceed unless an authorized exception is approved.

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Auction models

Forward Auction

A forward auction is a seller-led auction model where buyers compete upward for assets, inventory, services or opportunities, usually with rules for opening bids, increments, reserves, extensions and winner confirmation.

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G
Marketplace operations

GMV

Gross merchandise value: the total value of transactions completed or recorded through a marketplace before commissions, refunds, and other adjustments.

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H
AI and analytics

Human-in-the-loop AI

An AI operating model in which recommendations or generated outputs remain subject to authorized human review, approval, correction, or override.

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Auction models

Hybrid auction

An auction combining more than one participation or commerce method, such as live and online bidding, auction and buy-now, or price and weighted evaluation.

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I
Security and governance

Identity provider

A trusted system that authenticates users and may support single sign-on, federation, multifactor authentication, and enterprise access policies.

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J
K
L
Marketplace operations

Liquidity

The ability of a marketplace or auction to consistently match qualified supply and demand with enough participation to support transactions.

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Auction models

Live auction

An auction operated in real time, often with an auctioneer or control room, synchronized online participation, and immediate bid updates.

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Auction models

Lot

The individual asset, group of assets, requirement, package, or quantity offered for bidding and award under defined rules.

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M
Bidding and pricing

Maximum bid

A bidder's confidential upper limit that may be used by proxy-bidding logic to place incremental bids without exposing the limit to other participants.

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N
Bidding and pricing

No-sale

An auction outcome where a lot does not transact because the reserve, approval, eligibility, payment, or another closing condition was not satisfied.

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O
Bidding and pricing

Opening bid

The first accepted bid in an auction, which may be submitted by a participant or initiated according to configured starting rules.

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P
Industry operations

Provenance

The documented ownership, origin, exhibition, publication, or transaction history used to support confidence in an artwork, antique, collectible, or luxury asset.

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Bidding and pricing

Proxy Bidding

Proxy bidding allows a bidder to enter a maximum bid while the system automatically places bids on their behalf only as needed, according to increment rules and competing activity.

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Q
Bidding and pricing

Quick bid

A streamlined bidding control that allows an eligible participant to submit the next valid bid with minimal interaction.

Explore bidder experience
R
Platform and data

Real-Time Bidding

Real-time bidding is live bid submission and status feedback during an auction event, supported by clear validation, bid ordering, notifications, extension rules and audit trails.

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Bidding and pricing

Reserve Price

A reserve price is the minimum acceptable price set by the seller or auction owner. If bidding does not meet the reserve, the lot may remain unsold or require approval before acceptance.

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Auction models

Reverse Auction

A reverse auction is a buyer-led sourcing model where qualified suppliers compete by improving commercial offers, often reducing price or total cost while procurement retains governance over award criteria and supplier selection.

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S
Auction models

Sealed Bid Auction

A sealed bid auction is an auction format where participants submit confidential bids that are not visible to other bidders before the configured opening, evaluation or award stage.

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T
Procurement

Tender

A structured process for inviting, receiving, evaluating, and awarding supplier or buyer submissions under defined commercial and governance rules.

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U
V
W
Bidding and pricing

Winner logic

The configured rules used to identify a provisional or final winner based on price, rank, quantity, score, compliance, approval, or another commercial condition.

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X
AI and analytics

X-axis analysis

The horizontal dimension of an auction chart, commonly used to show time, event sequence, categories, suppliers, lots, or another comparative variable.

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Y
Z